The scientific landscape in Kaiserslautern has an outstanding reputation regarding teaching, research and practical applications of mathematics among the top academic institutions in Germany. This distinction stems from the Department of Mathematics of the Technical University of Kaiserslautern (TU Kaiserslautern) and from the Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Mathematics (Fraunhofer-Institut für Techno- und Wirtschaftsmathematik ITWM). The Felix Klein Center for Mathematics was founded at the end of 2008 as a part of the »Initiatives in Mathematics«. These initiatives are a cooperation effort between the Rhineland-Palatinate state government, the TU Kaiserslautern and the Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Mathematics, to intensify and draw attention to the successful and close collaboration among these institutions. The center’s name honors the mathematician and organizer of science Felix Christian Klein (1849-1925) who is renowned for his methods of applying and teaching mathematics.